Zone-tune-up estimation of apparent impedance for digital distance protection.

A Novel Algorithm for Digital Distance Relaying

Distance relays are used to protect EHV and HV Transmission lines. Over the past decades many algorithms have emerged for digital distance relays. These are based on the calculation of the transmission line impedance from the relaying to fault points. In this paper a novel method for digital distance relaying is proposed. In the method the tracking procedure is implemented. The method uses the ...

A Novel Algorithm for Digital Distance Relaying

Distance relays are used to protect EHV and HV Transmission lines. Over the past decades many algorithms have emerged for digital distance relays. These are based on the calculation of the transmission line impedance from the relaying to fault points. In this paper a novel method for digital distance relaying is proposed. In the method the tracking procedure is implemented. The method uses the ...

Impedance Estimation of Photovoltaic Modules for Inverter Start-up Analysis

Starting-up of photovoltaic (PV) inverters involves pre-charging of the input dc bus capacitance. Ideally, direct precharge of this capacitance from the PV modules is possible as the PV modules are current limited. Practically, the parasitic elements of the system such as the PV module capacitance, effective wire inductance and resistance determine the startup transient. The start-up transient ...

A New Algorithm for Digital Low-Impedance Protection of Busbars GER-4000 A New Algorithm for Digital Low-Impedance Protection of Busbars

The paper presents a new algorithm, its implementation, and results of extensive testing, for a microprocessor-based lowimpedance busbar relay. For increased security, the presented technique combines percent differential and current directional protection principles. The directional (phase comparison) principle does not require a voltage signal as it responds to relative directions of the curr...

An iterative approach for estimation of efficiency by weighted distance